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→How is it being used?
===How is it being used?===
===How is it being used?===
* A field study in Maplewood, Minnesota used an iron-enhanced (5% iron filings) ditch check sand filter for installation in [[Swales|swales]] to provide treatment of dissolved heavy metals and dissolved phosphorous in stormwater runoff from highways (Ahmed at el., 2014) <ref>Ahmed, F., Natarajan, P., Gulliver, J., Weiss, P., Nieber, J. 2014. Assessing and Improving Pollution Prevention by Swales. https://www.lrrb.org/pdf/201430.pdf</ref>.
* A field study in Maplewood, Minnesota used an iron-enhanced (5% iron filings) ditch check sand filter for installation in [[Swales|swales]] to provide treatment of dissolved heavy metals and dissolved phosphorous in stormwater runoff from highways (Ahmed at el., 2014) <ref>Ahmed, F., Natarajan, P., Gulliver, J., Weiss, P., Nieber, J. 2014. Assessing and Improving Pollution Prevention by Swales. https://www.lrrb.org/pdf/201430.pdf</ref>.
* No projects that use ZVI were found in Ontario.
* In Ajax, Ontario, iron filings were tested as an additive in bioretention areas and compared against two alternatives: a bioretention area with 5% sorbtive media, and a typical engineered media bed consisting of a shredded hardwood mulch layer over a sand–soil–organic mixture. Phosphorus concentrations were lowest in the sorbtive media mix, followed by the iron filing mix, while the typical media bed had the poorest removal performance. <ref>Aquafor Beech Ltd. 2018. Monitoring Report (2015–2017):Rain Garden Performance Monitoring Program: Lake Driveway. https://www.ajax.ca/en/get-involved/resources/Stormwater/Rain-Garden-Performance-Monitoring-Program-Lake-Driveway.pdf</ref>
[[File:Screenshot 2025-08-13 113919.png|500px|thumb|[[Bioretention]] schematic, with circles highlighting ZVI addition and phosphorus removal <ref name = Lechner>Lechner L. Phosphorus Removal From Stormwater Using Zero-Valent Iron. 2016. Applied Science Masters Thesis.</ref>.]]
[[File:Screenshot 2025-08-13 113919.png|500px|thumb|[[Bioretention]] schematic, with circles highlighting ZVI addition and phosphorus removal <ref name = Lechner>Lechner L. Phosphorus Removal From Stormwater Using Zero-Valent Iron. 2016. Applied Science Masters Thesis.</ref>.]]