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Line 1: − [[File:Kortright-farm-june-2011.jpg|thumb|500px|Wetlands fed by stormwater at Kortright Farm, Vaughan ON]] − − {{TOClimit|2}} − − − − − Natural wetlands are ecosystems that have developed over time, providing diverse habitats and naturally filtering water through complex biological and physical processes. Constructed wetlands, on the other hand, are designed and built to mimic these natural functions, targeting specific water quality goals and pollutant removal. They are a cost-effective and efficient method widely used in North America to treat various wastewaters, such as stormwater, sewage, and agricultural runoff. The Ontario Wetland Evaluation System defines wetlands as: − − − <blockquote style="background-color:#f9f9f9; border-left:4px solid #ccc; padding:10px; margin:1em 0;"> − "Lands that are seasonally or permanently flooded by shallow water as well as lands where the water table is close to or at the surface; in either case, the presence of abundant water has caused the formation of hydric soils and has favoured the dominance of either hydrophytic or water-tolerant plants. The four major types of wetlands are swamps, marshes, bogs, and fens."<ref>Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry. 2017. − A Wetland Conservation Strategy for Ontario 2017–2030. https://www.ontario.ca/page/wetland-conservation-strategy</ref> − </blockquote> − Line 32:
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File:Constructed Wetland.png|thumb|700px|The following is a labelled schematic of a constructed "Free-water surface flow wetland". These types of wetlands are generally used as a BMP for stormwater treatment and are most similar to stormwater management ponds, both in function and design, the major difference being that they are shallower to allow for wetland species (i.e. macrophytes to effectively grow and biologically treat incoming flows of pollutant and suspended sediments). <span style="color:red">''Explore this "image map" with your cursor and click on highlighted labels that appear to go to corresponding pages on the Wiki.''</span>
File:Constructed Wetland.png|thumb|700px|The following is a labelled schematic of a constructed "Free-water surface flow wetland". These types of wetlands are generally used as a BMP for stormwater treatment and are most similar to stormwater management ponds, both in function and design, the major difference being that they are shallower to allow for wetland species (i.e. macrophytes to effectively grow and biologically treat incoming flows of pollutant and suspended sediments). <span style="color:red">''Explore this "image map" with your cursor and click on highlighted labels that appear to go to corresponding pages on the Wiki.''</span>
rect 3078 900 3949 1039 [[Natural drainage|Receiving Waterbody]]
rect 3078 900 3949 1039 [[Natural drainage|Receiving Waterbody]]
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<br>
Wetlands can contribute to<ref>Toronto and Region Conservation Authority. 2025. Wetlands. https://trca.ca/conservation/restoration/wetlands/#:~:text=Increased%20biodiversity,as%20bird%20watching%20and%20fishing</ref><ref>Bendoricchio, G., L. Dal Cin, and J. Persson. 2000. Guidelines for free water surface wetland design. EcoSys Bd 8: 51–91. http://www.pixelrauschen.de/wet/design.pdf</ref>:
</br>
==Overview==
Natural wetlands are ecosystems that have developed over time, providing diverse habitats and naturally filtering water through complex biological and physical processes. Constructed wetlands, on the other hand, are designed and built to mimic these natural functions, targeting specific water quality goals and pollutant removal. They are a cost-effective and efficient method widely used in North America to treat various wastewaters, such as stormwater, sewage, and agricultural runoff. The Ontario Wetland Evaluation System defines wetlands as:
<blockquote style="background-color:#f9f9f9; border-left:4px solid #ccc; padding:10px; margin:1em 0;">
"Lands that are seasonally or permanently flooded by shallow water as well as lands where the water table is close to or at the surface; in either case, the presence of abundant water has caused the formation of hydric soils and has favoured the dominance of either hydrophytic or water-tolerant plants. The four major types of wetlands are swamps, marshes, bogs, and fens."<ref>Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry. 2017.
A Wetland Conservation Strategy for Ontario 2017–2030. https://www.ontario.ca/page/wetland-conservation-strategy</ref>
</blockquote>
[[File:Kortright-farm-june-2011.jpg|thumb|500px|Wetlands fed by stormwater at Kortright Farm, Vaughan ON]]
{{textbox|Wetlands can contribute to<ref>Toronto and Region Conservation Authority. 2025. Wetlands. https://trca.ca/conservation/restoration/wetlands/#:~:text=Increased%20biodiversity,as%20bird%20watching%20and%20fishing</ref><ref>Bendoricchio, G., L. Dal Cin, and J. Persson. 2000. Guidelines for free water surface wetland design. EcoSys Bd 8: 51–91. http://www.pixelrauschen.de/wet/design.pdf</ref>:
*Enhancing biodiversity
*Enhancing biodiversity
*Improving water quality and helping to meet TSS reduction targets
*Improving water quality and helping to meet TSS reduction targets
*Storing water and attenuating floods
*Storing water and attenuating floods
*Enhancing recreational and educational opportunities and aesthetics
*Enhancing recreational and educational opportunities and aesthetics
*Carbon sequestration<ref>Kennedy, G., and T. Mayer. 2002. Natural and Constructed Wetlands in Canada: An Overview. Water Qual. Res. J. Canada 37(2): 295–325. doi: 10.2166/wqrj.2002.020.</ref>
*Carbon sequestration<ref>Kennedy, G., and T. Mayer. 2002. Natural and Constructed Wetlands in Canada: An Overview. Water Qual. Res. J. Canada 37(2): 295–325. doi: 10.2166/wqrj.2002.020.</ref>}}
[[LID Case Studies#Wetlands|Case studies]] are available for wetlands used in LID systems.
[[LID Case Studies#Wetlands|Case studies]] are available for wetlands used in LID systems.