Changes

* [[Vegetated swales]]

* [[Vegetated swales]]

== Types of Settling ==

== Types of settling ==

Sedimentation occurs in two main forms (Minton, 2013)<ref>Minton, G. 2013. The Principles of Gravity Separation. https://www.stormwater.com/stormwater-bmps/article/13008476/the-principles-of-gravity-separation</ref>:

Sedimentation occurs in two main forms (Minton, 2013)<ref>Minton, G. 2013. The Principles of Gravity Separation. https://www.stormwater.com/stormwater-bmps/article/13008476/the-principles-of-gravity-separation</ref>:

Practices such as ponds and wetlands rely on quiescent settling, whereas systems like oil grit separators and catch basins rely more on dynamic settling. The effectiveness of sedimentation systems is largely governed by the surface loading rate (SLR), which is the rate at which water is introduced to the settling area. Higher SLRs generally result in lower pollutant removal efficiency.

Practices such as ponds and wetlands rely on quiescent settling, whereas systems like oil grit separators and catch basins rely more on dynamic settling. The effectiveness of sedimentation systems is largely governed by the surface loading rate (SLR), which is the rate at which water is introduced to the settling area. Higher SLRs generally result in lower pollutant removal efficiency.

== Key Design Parameters ==

== Key design parameters ==

The performance of sedimentation systems depends on several factors:

The performance of sedimentation systems depends on several factors:

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== Particle Settling and Particle Size Distribution ==

== Particle settling and particle size distribution ==

Settling velocity is influenced by particle size, shape, specific gravity, and water temperature. Coarser particles settle faster, whereas fine silts and organic matter take longer. Temperature affects viscosity, meaning lower temperatures reduce settling efficiency. Understanding particle size distributions at a site is critical for designing effective sedimentation systems.

Settling velocity is influenced by particle size, shape, specific gravity, and water temperature. Coarser particles settle faster, whereas fine silts and organic matter take longer. Temperature affects viscosity, meaning lower temperatures reduce settling efficiency. Understanding particle size distributions at a site is critical for designing effective sedimentation systems.

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== Best Practices for Sedimentation-Based Stormwater Treatment ==

== Best practices for sedimentation-based stormwater treatment ==

'''Design for Adequate Surface Area''' – Systems should have sufficient area to slow down flow and enhance settling.

'''Design for Adequate Surface Area''' – Systems should have sufficient area to slow down flow and enhance settling.