Changes

[[File:Železo.png|500px|thumb|ZVI]]

[[File:Železo.png|500px|thumb|ZVI]]

===What is it?===

===What is it?===

Iron filings or zero-valent iron (ZVI) is the elemental form of iron with a zero charge carried by each atom – a result of the outer valence level being filled. ZVI is able to remove dissolved phosphorus (phosphate) from solution through precipitation (Rossetti, 2017)<ref name=Rossetti>Rossetti M. Evaluation of phosphorous removals by biochar supported nano-scale zero-valent iron. 2017. Chemical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Thesis.</ref>. Zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) are also used for [[phosphorus]] removal.

Iron filings or zero-valent iron (ZVI) is the elemental form of iron with a zero charge carried by each atom – a result of the outer valence level being filled. ZVI is able to remove dissolved phosphorus (phosphate) from solution through precipitation (Rossetti, 2017)<ref name=Rossetti>Rossetti M. 2017. Evaluation of phosphorous removals by biochar supported nano-scale zero-valent iron. Chemical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Thesis.</ref>. Zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) are also used for [[phosphorus]] removal.

===How is it being used?===

===How is it being used?===

===Benefits===

===Benefits===

A study was done that compared the phosphorus reduction capabilities of ZVI, [[biochar]], biochar-supported ZVI (ZVI/BC), and biochar-supported nZVI (nZVI/BC). <ref name=Rossetti/> It was found that nZVI/BC had the highest phosphorus reduction. Using biochar-supported ZVI or nZVI improves the dispersion and stability of the iron filings. Biochar is fine-grained and highly porous, providing a large surface area to support nZVI.

A study was done that compared the phosphorus reduction capabilities of ZVI, [[biochar]], biochar-supported ZVI (ZVI/BC), and biochar-supported nZVI (nZVI/BC) (Rossetti, 2017)<ref name=Rossetti/>. It was found that nZVI/BC had the highest phosphorus reduction. Using biochar-supported ZVI or nZVI improves the dispersion and stability of the iron filings. Biochar is fine-grained and highly porous, providing a large surface area to support nZVI.

Another paper reports that ZVI can remove up to 98% of influent phosphorus at low input concentrations, and at high concentrations is shown to remove up to 36% of incoming phosphorus. The phosphorus retained in the soil is mostly iron-bound, which will not be easily leached out of the system because it is very stable (Lechner, 2016).<ref name = Lechner></ref>  

Another paper reports that ZVI can remove up to 98% of influent phosphorus at low input concentrations, and at high concentrations is shown to remove up to 36% of incoming phosphorus. The phosphorus retained in the soil is mostly iron-bound, which will not be easily leached out of the system because it is very stable (Lechner, 2016).<ref name = Lechner></ref>  

</onlyinclude>

</onlyinclude>