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Line 6: + − [[File:Screenshot 2025-08-13 113919.png|500px|thumb|Bioretention schematic, with circles highlighting ZVI addition and phosphorus removal <ref>Lechner L. Phosphorus Removal From Stormwater Using Zero-Valent Iron. 2016. Applied Science Masters Thesis.</ref>.]]
→Benefits
===How is it being used?===
===How is it being used?===
No projects that use ZVI were found in Ontario.
No projects that use ZVI were found in Ontario.
[[File:Screenshot 2025-08-13 113919.png|500px|thumb|Bioretention schematic, with circles highlighting ZVI addition and phosphorus removal <ref>Lechner L. Phosphorus Removal From Stormwater Using Zero-Valent Iron. 2016. Applied Science Masters Thesis.</ref>.]]
===Benefits===
===Benefits===
A study was done that compared the phosphorus reduction capabilities of ZVI, [[biochar]], biochar-supported ZVI (ZVI/BC), and biochar-supported nZVI (nZVI/BC). <ref name=Rossetti/> It was found that nZVI/BC had the highest phosphorus reduction. Using biochar-supported ZVI or nZVI improves the dispersion and stability of the iron filings. Biochar is fine-grained and highly porous, providing a large surface area to support nZVI.
A study was done that compared the phosphorus reduction capabilities of ZVI, [[biochar]], biochar-supported ZVI (ZVI/BC), and biochar-supported nZVI (nZVI/BC). <ref name=Rossetti/> It was found that nZVI/BC had the highest phosphorus reduction. Using biochar-supported ZVI or nZVI improves the dispersion and stability of the iron filings. Biochar is fine-grained and highly porous, providing a large surface area to support nZVI.
Another paper reports that ZVI can remove up to 98% of influent phosphorus at low input concentrations, and at high concentrations is shown to remove up to 36% of incoming phosphorus. The phosphorus retained in the soil is mostly iron-bound, which will not be easily leached out of the system because it is very stable.<ref>Lechner L. Phosphorus Removal From Stormwater Using Zero-Valent Iron. 2016. Applied Science Masters Thesis.</ref>
Another paper reports that ZVI can remove up to 98% of influent phosphorus at low input concentrations, and at high concentrations is shown to remove up to 36% of incoming phosphorus. The phosphorus retained in the soil is mostly iron-bound, which will not be easily leached out of the system because it is very stable.<ref>Lechner L. Phosphorus Removal From Stormwater Using Zero-Valent Iron. 2016. Applied Science Masters Thesis.</ref>