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===What is it?===
===What is it?===
Red sand, also known as a "Minnesota filter", is iron enhanced sand designed to capture soluble [[phosphorus]] that generally passes through a typical stormwater management facility. Iron has an affinity for dissolved phosphorus, which will serve to bind and therefore remove a portion of the dissolved phosphorus from the stormwater. <ref name=LSRCA>Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority. Showcasing Water Innovation: Stormwater Performance Monitoring Report. 2013. http://www.lsrca.on.ca/Shared%20Documents/reports/swi_monitoring_2013.pdf. Accessed September 8, 2017.</ref> The sand also filters the stormwater by removing a portion of the suspended solids and total phosphorus that may be attached to those particles.<ref name=LSRCA/>
Red sand, also known as a "Minnesota filter", is iron enhanced sand designed to capture soluble [[phosphorus]] that generally passes through a typical stormwater management facility. Iron has an affinity for dissolved phosphorus, which will serve to bind and therefore remove a portion of the dissolved phosphorus from the stormwater. <ref name=LSRCA>Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority. Showcasing Water Innovation: Stormwater Performance Monitoring Report. 2013. http://www.lsrca.on.ca/Shared%20Documents/reports/swi_monitoring_2013.pdf. Accessed September 8, 2017.</ref> The sand also filters the stormwater by removing a portion of the suspended solids and total phosphorus that may be attached to those particles.<ref name=LSRCA/>
===Benefits===
===Benefits===
Early data from the George Richardson site indicate a reduction in [[Total suspended solids]] and phosphorus after going through the system.<ref name=CVC/> "Average TP concentrations into the filter were 0.12 mg/L with a maximum of 0.54 mg/L as compared to an average outlet concentration of 0.052 mg/L with a maximum of 0.13 mg/L. Average soluble phosphorus (orthophosphate) concentrations into the filter were 0.01mg/L with a maximum of 0.031 mg/L as compared with an average outlet concentration of 0.007 mg/L with a maximum of 0.044 mg/L." <ref name=LSRCA/> Poor orthophosphate removal was observed during hypoxic or anoxic conditions because the iron/phosphorus bond that facilitates the removal of orthophosphate can be broken under low oxygen conditions.<ref name=LSRCA/>
Early data from the George Richardson site indicate a reduction in [[Total suspended solids]] and phosphorus after going through the system.<ref name=CVC/> "Average TP concentrations into the filter were 0.12 mg/L with a maximum of 0.54 mg/L as compared to an average outlet concentration of 0.052 mg/L with a maximum of 0.13 mg/L. Average soluble phosphorus (orthophosphate) concentrations into the filter were 0.01mg/L with a maximum of 0.031 mg/L as compared with an average outlet concentration of 0.007 mg/L with a maximum of 0.044 mg/L." <ref name=LSRCA/> Poor orthophosphate removal was observed during hypoxic or anoxic conditions because the iron/phosphorus bond that facilitates the removal of orthophosphate can be broken under low oxygen conditions.<ref name=LSRCA/>
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Back to [[additives]].
[[category: materials]]
[[category: materials]]
[[category: phosphorus]]
[[category: phosphorus]]
[[category:water quality]]
[[category:water quality]]