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Line 36: − + − + − *Sub surface flow systems provide generally lower health and safety risks and are sometimes employed to handle stormwater in combination with another wastewater stream. In horizontal sub-surface flow wetlands, water flows horizontally through a media bed, while in vertical sub-surface flow wetlands, water is introduced at the surface and percolates vertically through the media. − − |+ Types of Constructed Wetland<ref>Grant, N., M. Moodie, and C. Weedon. 2000. Sewage Treatment Solutions. p. 35–67. In Sewage Solutions: Answering the Call of Nature. Centre for Alternative Technology Publications.</ref><ref name="EPA">United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1995. A handbook of constructed wetlands: A guide to creating wetlands for agricultural wastewater, domestic wastewater, coal mine drainage and stormwater.</ref><ref name="JW">Jacques Whitford Consultants, 2008. Constructed and engineered wetlands. p. 1-21</ref> − !Horizontal sub-surface flow − !Vertical sub-surface flow − |[[File:Tilley et al 2014 Schematic of the Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland.jpg|frameless|upright=1.5]] − |[[File:Tilley et al 2014 Schematic of the Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland.jpg|frameless|upright=1.5]] Line 57:
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Line 84: − |style="text-align:left;"|'''Cons''' − *Requires larger land area − *Sludge removal may be more difficult − *Open water may generate more health and safety concerns.
→Planning considerations
==Planning considerations==
==Planning considerations==
Constructed wetlands differ based on how water travels through the system:
Constructed wetlands differ based on how water travels through the system<ref>Grant, N., M. Moodie, and C. Weedon. 2000. Sewage Treatment Solutions. p. 35–67. In Sewage Solutions: Answering the Call of Nature. Centre for Alternative Technology Publications.</ref><ref name="EPA">United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1995. A handbook of constructed wetlands: A guide to creating wetlands for agricultural wastewater, domestic wastewater, coal mine drainage and stormwater.</ref><ref name="JW">Jacques Whitford Consultants, 2008. Constructed and engineered wetlands. p. 1-21</ref>:
*Free-water surface flow wetlands have water exposed on the surface, which provides excellent water quality treatment but may pose health and safety risks. Free-water surface flow wetlands are most commonly employed for stormwater treatment and are similar to [[SWM ponds]] in function and design. However, ponds and wetlands differ by the extent to which shallow zones for wetland [[plants]] are incorporated.
*Free-water surface flow wetlands have water exposed on the surface, which provides excellent water quality treatment but may pose health and safety risks. Free-water surface flow wetlands are most commonly employed for stormwater treatment and are similar to [[SWM ponds]] in function and design. However, ponds and wetlands differ by the extent to which shallow zones for wetland [[plants]] are incorporated.
{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!Free-water surface flow
!Free-water surface flow
|-
|-
|[[File:Schematic of the Free Water Surface Constructed Wetland.jpg|frameless|upright=1.5]]
|[[File:Schematic of the Free Water Surface Constructed Wetland.jpg|frameless|upright=1.5]]
|-
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|'''Pros'''
|style="text-align:left;"|'''Pros'''
*Can be beautiful
*Can be beautiful
*Sludge removal infrequent
*Sludge removal infrequent
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|'''Cons'''
*Requires larger land area
*Sludge removal may be more difficult
*Open water may generate more health and safety concerns.
|}
*Sub surface flow systems provide generally lower health and safety risks and are sometimes employed to handle stormwater in combination with another wastewater stream. In horizontal sub-surface flow wetlands, water flows horizontally through a media bed, while in vertical sub-surface flow wetlands, water is introduced at the surface and percolates vertically through the media.
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Horizontal sub-surface flow
!Vertical sub-surface flow
|-
|[[File:Tilley et al 2014 Schematic of the Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland.jpg|frameless|upright=1.5]]
|[[File:Tilley et al 2014 Schematic of the Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland.jpg|frameless|upright=1.5]]
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|'''Pros'''
|style="text-align:left;"|'''Pros'''
*Well established technology
*Well established technology
*Will function prior to establishment of vegetation
*Will function prior to establishment of vegetation
|-
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|'''Cons'''
|style="text-align:left;"|'''Cons'''
*Requires more land
*Requires more land