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→Overview
Free-water surface flow wetlands are most commonly employed for stormwater treatment and are similar to [[SWM ponds]] in function and design. The most significant difference between ponds and wetlands is the extent to which they incorporate shallow zones for wetland [[plants]]. A facility is normally characterized as a wetland if shallow zones (<0.5 m deep) make up more than 70 % of its volume.
Free-water surface flow wetlands are most commonly employed for stormwater treatment and are similar to [[SWM ponds]] in function and design. The most significant difference between ponds and wetlands is the extent to which they incorporate shallow zones for wetland [[plants]]. A facility is normally characterized as a wetland if shallow zones (<0.5 m deep) make up more than 70 % of its volume.
Wetlands can contribute to<ref>Toronto and Region Conservation Authority. 2025. Wetlands. https://trca.ca/conservation/restoration/wetlands/#:~:text=Increased%20biodiversity,as%20bird%20watching%20and%20fishing</ref>:
Wetlands can contribute to<ref>Toronto and Region Conservation Authority. 2025. Wetlands. https://trca.ca/conservation/restoration/wetlands/#:~:text=Increased%20biodiversity,as%20bird%20watching%20and%20fishing</ref><ref>Bendoricchio, G., L. Dal Cin, and J. Persson. 2000. Guidelines for free water surface wetland design. EcoSys Bd 8: 51–91. http://www.pixelrauschen.de/wet/design.pdf</ref>:
*Enhanced biodiversity
*Enhanced biodiversity
*Recreational opportunities and a more aesthetic aquatic landscape
*Enhancing recreational and educational opportunities and aesthetics
*Improved water quality and achieving TSS targets
*Improving water quality and helping to meet TSS reduction targets
*Flood attenuation
*Storing water and attenuating floods
[[LID Case Studies#Wetlands|Case studies]] are available for wetlands used in LID systems.
[[LID Case Studies#Wetlands|Case studies]] are available for wetlands used in LID systems.