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→‎Sediment controls

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~~'''Note: This page is currently under revision.'''~~

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==Overview==

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[[File:Screenshot 2025-07-29 102005.png|250px|thumb|right|Effective ESC starts before topsoil stripping begins. This flow chart shows the ESC process from construction project start to finish. Scroll through the wiki to read about each step of the process.]]

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[[File:Screenshot 2025-07-29 102005.png|250px|thumb|right|Effective ESC starts before [[topsoil]] stripping begins. This flow chart shows the ESC process from construction project start to finish. Scroll through the wiki to read about each step of the process.]]

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[[Erosion]] and [[Sedimentation|sediment]] controls (ESC) are technologies, practices and procedures that are applied to prevent the release of sediment from construction sites.

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[[Erosion]] and [[Sedimentation|sediment]] controls (ESC) are technologies, practices and procedures that are applied to prevent the release of sediment from construction sites. Rapid urban expansion and associated construction activities are a significant source of stress to the natural environment. As construction processes involve the removal of [[vegetation]] and de-stabilization of soils, they can accelerate natural processes of [[erosion]] and [[sedimentation]], mobilizing more sediment and associated [[Water Quality|contaminants]] that can ultimately end up in downstream receiving water systems. ESC measures are essential to help reduce these sediment loads from active construction sites and protect downstream aquatic habitats from becoming impaired.

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Rapid urban expansion and associated construction activities are a significant source of stress to the natural environment. As construction processes involve the removal of vegetation and de-stabilization of soils, they can accelerate natural processes of erosion and sedimentation, mobilizing more sediment and associated contaminants that can ultimately end up in downstream receiving water systems. ESC measures are essential to help reduce these sediment loads from active construction sites and protect downstream aquatic habitats from becoming impaired.

{{textbox|Inadequate ESC during construction can cause:

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*sediment-laden runoff to enter downstream and adjacent natural features, including streams, lakes, wetlands and woodlots;

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*sediment-laden runoff to enter downstream and adjacent natural features, including streams, lakes, [[wetlands]] and woodlots;

*deposition of sediment on adjacent private property and roadways;

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*clogging of onsite stormwater management systems and LIDs;

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*[[clogging]] of onsite stormwater management systems and LIDs;

*expensive cleanup and restoration costs;

*delays or stop-work orders; and

*fines from regulatory agencies.}}

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Implementing effective ESC practices throughout all stages of construction is essential to sustainable urban growth and ensuring regulatory compliance.

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Implementing effective ESC practices throughout all stages of construction is essential to sustainable [[Urbanization|urban growth]] and ensuring regulatory compliance.

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[[File:Screenshot 2025-11-07 105736.png|500px|thumb|~~center~~|link=http://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2020/01/ESC-Guide-for-Urban-Construction_FINAL.pdf|The Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, through STEP, published the [http://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2020/01/ESC-Guide-for-Urban-Construction_FINAL.pdf Erosion and Sediment Control Guide for Urban Construction] in 2019. This wiki page summarizes key content from the guide and provides additional resources; however, readers should consult the full guide for comprehensive information. Click on the image to access the guide.]]

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[[File:Screenshot 2025-11-07 105736.png|500px|thumb|left|link=http://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2020/01/ESC-Guide-for-Urban-Construction_FINAL.pdf|The Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, through STEP, published the [http://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2020/01/ESC-Guide-for-Urban-Construction_FINAL.pdf Erosion and Sediment Control Guide for Urban Construction] in 2019. This wiki page summarizes key content from the guide and provides additional resources; however, readers should consult the full guide for comprehensive information. Click on the image to access the guide (STEP, 2019) <ref>STEP. 2019. Erosion and Sediment Control Guide for Urban Construction. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2020/01/ESC-Guide-for-Urban-Construction_FINAL.pdf</ref>.]]

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The hybrid qualitative ERA approach is recommended in the above situations, except where local regulatory agencies require a different approach. The hybrid qualitative ERA approach estimates erosion risk by dividing a site into areas based on soil, slope, and ground cover, then rating each area as low, moderate, or high [[Erosion#Erosion_potential|erosion risk]] to help choose the right erosion control practices for each stage of construction. Completing an ERA demonstrates due diligence, identifies high-risk areas early, informs effective BMP selection and placement, guides the use of enhanced controls, and provides context for decision-making. To learn more about ERAs, read section 6.2 in the [http://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2020/01/ESC-Guide-for-Urban-Construction_FINAL.pdf Erosion and Sediment Control Guide for Urban Construction] (2019)

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The hybrid qualitative ERA approach is recommended in the above situations, except where local regulatory agencies require a different approach. The hybrid qualitative ERA approach estimates [[Erosion#Erosion_potential|erosion risk]] by dividing a site into areas based on [[soil groups|soil]], [[slope]], and ground cover, then rating each area as low, moderate, or high [[Erosion#Erosion_potential|erosion risk]] to help choose the right erosion control practices for each stage of construction. Completing an ERA demonstrates due diligence, identifies high-risk areas early, informs effective BMP selection and placement, guides the use of enhanced controls, and provides context for decision-making. To learn more about ERAs, read section 6.2 in the [http://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2020/01/ESC-Guide-for-Urban-Construction_FINAL.pdf Erosion and Sediment Control Guide for Urban Construction] (2019).

==ESC plan design==

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#Final stabilization/rehabilitation and ESC decommissioning}}

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An ESC plan should include drawings, standard notes and reports depicting and describing the site conditions (e.g. grades, locations of natural features, soil stockpiles and other key points of interest) during each phase of construction, and the BMPs that will be

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An ESC plan should include drawings, standard notes and reports depicting and describing the site conditions (e.g. [[grading|grades]], locations of natural features, [[soil]] stockpiles and other key points of interest) during each phase of construction, and the BMPs that will be

applied to mitigate erosion and sediment transport.

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! Description

! Applicability

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! Additional Resources

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! Drawings and Additional Resources

! Example Image

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| Preservation of vegetated areas intercepts and infiltrates rainfall.

| Areas not being immediately developed on larger sites (>10 ha)

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|

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[[Media:MINIMIZED_OR_PHASED_LAND_CLEARINGdrawing.pdf|Tree Protection Barrier]]

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[[File:Phased land clearing.png|200px|frameless|center]]

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*Adjacent to valley/stream corridors

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[[Media:Screenshot 2025-11-19 101444.png|Interceptor Swale Diagram]]

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[[File:Screenshot 2025-07-30 164042.png|200px|frameless|center]]

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| Energy dissipation devices or surface hardening that prevents scour erosion at outlets.

| Base of any outlet releasing concentrated flow

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| [https://feng.stafpu.bu.edu.eg/Civil%20Engineering/2476/publications/Mohammad%20Mahmoud%20Mohammad%20Ibrahim_ZJ0608295304.pdf Baffle shapes and size analysis]

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|

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[[Media:Screenshot 2025-11-19 101806.png|Storm Drain Outfall Protection Diagram]]

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[https://feng.stafpu.bu.edu.eg/Civil%20Engineering/2476/publications/Mohammad%20Mahmoud%20Mohammad%20Ibrahim_ZJ0608295304.pdf Baffle shapes and size analysis]

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[[File:Screenshot 2025-07-31 105113.png|200px|frameless|center]]

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*In conjunction with mulching/seeding

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[[Media:Screenshot 2025-11-19 104410.png|Surface roughening diagram for slopes steeper than 3H:1V and H > 1.5 m]]

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[[Media:Surface roughening dozer.png|Surface roughening for slopes steeper than 2H:1V using bulldozer (Virginia Department of Environmental Quality)<ref>Virginia Department of Environmental Quality. Virginia Stormwater Management Handbook Version 1.1. https://online.encodeplus.com/regs/deq-va/doc-viewer.aspx?secid=689#secid-689</ref>]]

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[[File:Screenshot 2025-07-30 164229.png|200px|frameless|center]]

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*Erosion scars

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[[Media:B1 ROLLED EROSION CONTROL PRODUCTSdrawing.pdf|RECP Installation Diagram]]

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[[File:Screenshot 2025-07-31 121353.png|200px|frameless|center]]

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! Description

! Applicability

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! Additional Resources

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! Drawings and Additional Resources

! Example Image

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*Parallel to areas with sediment laden sheet flow

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[[Media:B2 SEDIMENT CONTROL FENCE unfrozen.pdf|Sediment control fence (unfrozen)]]

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[[Media:B2 SEDIMENT CONTROL FENCE frozen.pdf|Sediment control fence (frozen)]]

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[[File:Screenshot 2025-11-13 131335.png|200px|frameless|center]]

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*in place of sediment fence when frozen

| [https://sourcetostream.com/2025-track-2-day-1-anderton/ S2S Conference Presentation]

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[https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/home/erosion-and-sediment-control/permeable-barriers/compost-biofilters-for-stormwater-management/ Compost Biofilters for SWM (TRCA, 2007)]

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|-

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| [[Media:~~B2_NATURAL_FIBRE_LOGS~~.pdf|Natural Fibre Logs]]

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| [[Media:Naturalfibrelogsonly.pdf |Natural Fibre Logs]]

| Similar to filter socks but made of biodegradable materials such as coir, straw, or wood.

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*in place of sediment fence when frozen

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[[Media:Screenshot 2025-11-19 111153.png|Coir log with stakes (Terrafix Geosynthetics, 2015)<ref>Terrafix Geosynthetics. 2015. Coir Mats and Logs. https://terrafixgeo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/CoirMatsLogsBrochure-2015.pdf</ref>]]

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[[File:Screenshot 2025-08-06 101657.png|200px|frameless|center]]

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*Do not use in natural features

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[[Media:Rock_check_dams_diagram.pdf|Temporary rock flow check dam diagram]]

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[[File:Screenshot 2025-08-06 100905.png|200px|frameless|center]]

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*required by municipality

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[[Media:Mud mat.pdf|Mud mat]]

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[[File:Screenshot 2025-07-30 161438.png|200px|frameless|center]]

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*best used in treatment train

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[[Media:B2_SEDIMENT_DEWATERING_BAG_unfrozen.pdf|Dewatering treatment train (unfrozen)]]

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[[Media:B2_SEDIMENT_DEWATERING_BAG_(frozen.pdf|Dewatering treatment train (frozen)]]

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[[File:Screenshot 2025-08-06 103437.png|200px|frameless|center]]

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*treatment train required for drainage areas >1 ha

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[[Media:Excavated drop inlet.pdf|Excavated drop inlet]]

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[[Media:Gravel jacket.pdf|Gravel jacket]]

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[[File:Screenshot 2025-08-06 103724.png|200px|frameless|center]]

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*drainage areas ≤ 2 ha that do not drain to another detention feature

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[[Media:Ediment trap within an earthen ditch.pdf|Sediment trap within an earthen ditch]]

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[[File:Screenshot 2025-11-13 103532.png|200px|frameless|center]]

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*Treatment of runoff from drainage areas > 2 ha

*end-of-pipe control

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| [https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/home/erosion-and-sediment-control/construction-sediment-control-ponds/ STEP Wet Ponds Page]

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[[Media:B2_SEDIMENT_CONTROL_PONDS_diagram.pdf|Sediment control pond]]

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[https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/home/erosion-and-sediment-control/construction-sediment-control-ponds/ STEP Wet Ponds Page]

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[[File:Screenshot 2025-08-06 104639.png|200px|frameless|center]]

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==Plan submission and approval==

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[[File:Screenshot 2025-11-13 142811.png|~~450px~~|thumb|right|Flow chart showing the ESC plan approval process, divided into early, intermediate, and late stages.]]

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[[File:Screenshot 2025-11-13 142811.png|428px|thumb|right|Flow chart showing the ESC plan approval process, divided into early, intermediate, and late stages.]]

The submission requirements for erosion and sediment control strategies are organized based on three planning stages: early, intermediate, and late, which align with both the land-use and infrastructure planning processes. Each stage builds on the previous one, helping to gradually refine ESC strategies as more project details become available.

{{textbox|*In the early stage, the focus is on high-level planning, identifying potential impacts, and committing to appropriate ESC approaches.

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<pdf width="~~450~~" height="600">File:Inpsection_ESC-Guide-for-Urban-Construction_FINAL.pdf</pdf>

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<pdf width="400" height="600">File:Inpsection_ESC-Guide-for-Urban-Construction_FINAL.pdf</pdf>

</div>

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*During the initial installation of ESC measures

*On a weekly basis during active construction

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*Before and after significant rainfall and snowmelt events

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*Before and after significant [[Understanding rainfall statistics|rainfall]] and [[Winter|snowmelt]] events

*After any extreme weather which could result in damage to ESC measures

*Daily during extended rain or snowmelt periods

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|}

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The extent of turbidity monitoring and methods used on a given construction project should be based on erosion risk, receiving water flows, presence of species at risk, and type and location of discharge points. The monitoring program for sites applying the receiving water target should include the following components:

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The extent of turbidity [[monitoring]] and methods used on a given construction project should be based on [[Erosion#Erosion_potential|erosion risk]], receiving water flows, presence of species at risk, and type and location of discharge points.

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{{textbox|The monitoring program for sites applying the receiving water target should include the following components:

*One continuous online turbidity monitoring station 5 to 15 m downstream of the last site discharge point.

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*At least one continuous online turbidity monitoring station immediately upstream of the site.

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*At least one continuous online turbidity monitoring station immediately upstream of the site.}}

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Each turbidity monitoring station should be equipped with a turbidity sonde, data logger, power supply, protective enclosure, and, where Species at Risk (SAR) are present, telemetry capabilities. Continuous turbidity monitoring should be maintained until the site has reached at least 80% effective permanent stabilization. Where continuous monitoring is not feasible, grab samples should be collected. To support interpretation of turbidity exceedances, precipitation data should be obtained from a rain gauge located within 5 km of the site. Clear protocols for responding to and reporting turbidity exceedances should be established for all sites with continuous monitoring.

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Each turbidity monitoring station should be equipped with a turbidity sonde, data logger, power supply, protective enclosure, and, where Species at Risk (SAR) are present, telemetry capabilities. Continuous turbidity monitoring should be maintained until the site has reached at least 80% effective permanent stabilization. Where continuous monitoring is not feasible, grab samples should be collected. To support interpretation of turbidity exceedances, [[Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves|precipitation]] data should be obtained from a rain gauge located within 5 km of the site. Clear protocols for responding to and reporting turbidity exceedances should be established for all sites with continuous monitoring.

==Maintenance of ESC==

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==Additional Resources==

*[https://www.beyond21.world/sustainable-infrastructure-lid Course on Introduction to Erosion and Sediment Control & Best Practices for LID Implementation]

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*[https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/erosion-and-sediment-control-guide-for-urban-construction/ ESC guide for urban construction workshop (To access, enter password ESCGUCwebinar20]

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*[https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/erosion-and-sediment-control-guide-for-urban-construction/ ESC guide for urban construction workshop (To access, enter password ESCGUCwebinar20)]

*[https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/introduction-to-erosion-sediment-control-e-learning-course/ Introduction to Erosion Sediment Control E-Learning Course]

*[https://sourcetostream.com/2023-track-2-day-2-dhanraj/ Erosion Control Infrastructure – Asset Operation and Management Plans Presentation]

ChristineLN

Bureaucrats, developer, Interface administrators, Suppressors, Administrators, Widget editors

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Erosion and Sediment Control (view source)

Revision as of 16:49, 19 November 2025

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