| | *Increased temperature worsens heatwaves, which are compounded with the urban heat island effect and increased drought length and intensity (Foster et al., 2011)<ref name=Foster></ref> | | *Increased temperature worsens heatwaves, which are compounded with the urban heat island effect and increased drought length and intensity (Foster et al., 2011)<ref name=Foster></ref> |
| | *Disrupts [[Groundwater|groundwater]] recharge by altering the amount of soil [[Infiltration|infiltration]] (Wu et al., 2020)<ref>Wu, WY., Lo, MH., Wada, Y. 2020. Divergent effects of climate change on future groundwater availability in key mid-latitude aquifers. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17581-y</ref> | | *Disrupts [[Groundwater|groundwater]] recharge by altering the amount of soil [[Infiltration|infiltration]] (Wu et al., 2020)<ref>Wu, WY., Lo, MH., Wada, Y. 2020. Divergent effects of climate change on future groundwater availability in key mid-latitude aquifers. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17581-y</ref> |
| | + | *Alterations in freeze-thaw cycles (Sutherland Rolim Barbi et al., 2023)<ref>Sutherland Rolim Barbi, P., Tavassoti, P., & Tighe, S. L. (2023). Climate Change Impacts on Frost and Thaw Considerations: Case Study of Airport Pavement Design in Canada. Applied Sciences, 13(13), 7801. doi:10.3390/app13137801.</ref> |
| | *Changes in [[Nutrients|nutrient]] loading to waterbodies such as the Great Lakes (Fong et al., 2025; Robertson et al., 2016)<ref>Fong, P., Shrestha, R., Liu, Y., Valipour, R. 2025. Climate change impacts on hydrology and phosphorus loads under projected global warming levels for the Lake of the Woods watershed, Journal of Great Lakes Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2025.102636.</ref><ref>Robertson, D., Saad, D., Christiansen, D., Lorenz, D. 2016. Simulated impacts of climate change on phosphorus loading to Lake Michigan. Journal of Great Lakes Research, Volume 42, Issue 3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2016.03.009 </ref> | | *Changes in [[Nutrients|nutrient]] loading to waterbodies such as the Great Lakes (Fong et al., 2025; Robertson et al., 2016)<ref>Fong, P., Shrestha, R., Liu, Y., Valipour, R. 2025. Climate change impacts on hydrology and phosphorus loads under projected global warming levels for the Lake of the Woods watershed, Journal of Great Lakes Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2025.102636.</ref><ref>Robertson, D., Saad, D., Christiansen, D., Lorenz, D. 2016. Simulated impacts of climate change on phosphorus loading to Lake Michigan. Journal of Great Lakes Research, Volume 42, Issue 3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2016.03.009 </ref> |
| | *Biodiversity loss and changes in species distribution (United Nations, 2025)<ref>United Nations. 2025. Biodiversity - our strongest natural defense against climate change. https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/biodiversity</ref> | | *Biodiversity loss and changes in species distribution (United Nations, 2025)<ref>United Nations. 2025. Biodiversity - our strongest natural defense against climate change. https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/biodiversity</ref> |