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→How is it being used?
===How is it being used?===
===How is it being used?===
Ongoing biochar research at the British Columbia Institute of Technology is testing the response of native plants to various soil/biochar mixes to be used in rain gardens and the comparison of biochar with different physico-chemical characteristics in chemical contaminants removal efficacy (BCIT, 2025) <ref>BCIT. 2025. Biochar Amended Soil Matrix for Green Stormwater Infrastructure. https://commons.bcit.ca/nbs/rain-gardens-bioretention-cells/</ref>.
*Ongoing biochar research at the British Columbia Institute of Technology is testing the response of native plants to various soil/biochar mixes to be used in rain gardens and the comparison of biochar with different physico-chemical characteristics in chemical contaminants removal efficacy (BCIT, 2025) <ref>BCIT. 2025. Biochar Amended Soil Matrix for Green Stormwater Infrastructure. https://commons.bcit.ca/nbs/rain-gardens-bioretention-cells/</ref>.
*A [[Bioretention|bioretention]]system in China used biochar layered with or mixed into lateritic red soil, with some success in contaminant removal. The mixed biochar–soil design achieved the highest water retention, and both biochar-amended systems removed more contaminants (TN, NH₃-N, NO₃⁻, TP, PO₄³⁻, and Cu) than systems without biochar (Premarantha et al., 2023) <ref>Premarathna, K. S. D., Biswas, J. K., Kumar, M., Varjani, S., Mickan, B., Show, P. L., Lau, S. Y., Novo, L. A. B., & Vithanage, M. 2023. Biofilters and bioretention systems: the role of biochar in the blue-green city concept for
A bioretention system in China used biochar layered with or mixed into lateritic red soil, with some success in contaminant removal. The mixed biochar–soil design achieved the highest water retention, and both biochar-amended systems removed more contaminants (TN, NH₃-N, NO₃⁻, TP, PO₄³⁻, and Cu) than systems without biochar (Premarantha et al., 2023) <ref>Premarathna, K. S. D., Biswas, J. K., Kumar, M., Varjani, S., Mickan, B., Show, P. L., Lau, S. Y., Novo, L. A. B.,
& Vithanage, M. 2023. Biofilters and bioretention systems: the role of biochar in the blue-green city concept for
stormwater management. Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology, 9(12), 3103-3119. Advance
stormwater management. Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology, 9(12), 3103-3119. Advance
online publication. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ew00054k
online publication. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ew00054k. https://pure.sruc.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/74040133/D3EW00054K_authors_accepted_version.pdf</ref>.
. https://pure.sruc.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/74040133/D3EW00054K_authors_accepted_version.pdf</ref>. In Delaware, two roadside filter strips amended with biochar reduced peak flow and runoff volume, but showed no notable change in pollutant concentrations (Center for Watershed Protection, Inc., 2025) <ref>Center for Watershed Protection, Inc. 2025. Biochar for bioretention systems: A Review of Biochar use in Bioretentions, Biofilters, and Bioretention Soil Media. https://www.chesapeakebay.net/files/documents/Appendix-A-Biochar-for-Bioretention-Systems_Literature-Review-031725.pdf</ref>.
*In Delaware, two roadside filter strips amended with biochar reduced peak flow and runoff volume, but showed no notable change in pollutant concentrations (Center for Watershed Protection, Inc., 2025) <ref>Center for Watershed Protection, Inc. 2025. Biochar for bioretention systems: A Review of Biochar use in Bioretentions, Biofilters, and Bioretention Soil Media. https://www.chesapeakebay.net/files/documents/Appendix-A-Biochar-for-Bioretention-Systems_Literature-Review-031725.pdf</ref>.
*In field experiments in x, biochar reduced nutrient leaching in green roofs, but did not reduce nutrient concentrations in effluent (Kuoppamäki et al., 2016) <ref>Kuoppamäki, K., Hagner, M., Lehvävirta, S. & Setälä, H. 2016. Biochar amendment in the green roof substrate affects runoff quality and quantity. Ecological Engineering, Vol. 88, pp. 1–9.</ref>.
No evidence was found of biochar being used for LID projects in Ontario yet. However, biochar is recommended on a trial/limited basis as a planting enhancement material for Toronto Green Streets (City of Toronto, 2017) <ref>City of Toronto. 2017. Toronto Green Streets Vegetation Selection Tool. https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/9844-2017_V-1.0_CoT-Green-Streets_Vegetation-Selection-Tool.xlsx</ref>. If you have used biochar in LID design, please let us know.
*No evidence was found of biochar being used for LID projects in Ontario yet. However, biochar is recommended on a trial/limited basis as a planting enhancement material for Toronto Green Streets (City of Toronto, 2017) <ref>City of Toronto. 2017. Toronto Green Streets Vegetation Selection Tool. https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/9844-2017_V-1.0_CoT-Green-Streets_Vegetation-Selection-Tool.xlsx</ref>. If you have used biochar in LID design, please let us know.
===Benefits===
===Benefits===