Difference between revisions of "LID opportunities in park lands"

Latest revision as of 18:16, 15 March 2019

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LID opportunities on public land

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-'''<h3>LID opportunities in parks</h3>'''  [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|The bioretention area installed at O’Connor Park
+#REDIRECT [[LID opportunities on public land]]
-in Mississauga is part of a stormwater management system
-that treats parking lot runoff prior to discharging to a local
-wetland. (Source: CVC)]]
-Parks range from simple parcels of municipal property to
-complex outdoor recreational facilities that include parking,
-sidewalks, trails, sports fields, field houses, operations
-facilities, and washrooms. Each distinct area of your site can
-be a source for runoff (referred to as a ‘source area’). These
-areas should be targeted when introducing LID in your park.
-<br><br>
-'''<h4>Targeting hard surfaces</h4>'''
-Hard surfaces like parking lots and internal driveways are the
-most obvious areas to target for both stormwater quality and
-water balance improvements. These features produce more
-runoff than any other area on your site. Water quality of runoff
-from parking lots and driveways is typically more polluted
-than other source areas. Common water quality concerns
-include sand and salt from winter de-icing operations, and
-hydrocarbons (gasoline) and metals from vehicle breakdowns
-Runoff from vegetated areas of parks will be relatively
-clean and more closely match the natural water balance.
-On municipal park properties, hard surfaces are usually
-located adjacent to pervious areas such as lawns, gardens or naturalized areas. This makes an ideal location for a LID
-retrofit. Where grading allows, you can construct bioswales
-and bioretention areas in these green areas to pre-treat water
-prior to infiltration.
-You can also design parking surfaces and internal roadways
-as infiltration systems using permeable pavement. This retrofit
-strategy can be combined with other LID practices.
-A pedestrian pathway paved with permeable pavement
-is another LID option for your park. They will reduce runoff
-volumes and encourage on-site infiltration. Pervious pipes
-are a viable option on many parks sites as well. They can be
-an alternative to conventional conveyance systems such as
-storm sewers. They encourage infiltration from hard surfaces
-and can be used to convey water to other LID features.
-<br> <br>
-'''<h4>Accepting drainage from off-site areas</h4>'''  [[File:Example1.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|Urban parkettes may look small, but they have
-the potential to treat a large surface area of road. Typical ratios
-of impervious drainage area to bioretention range from 5:1 to
-:1. (Source: CVC)]]
-Does municipally owned land drain into your retrofit site? If
-so, this is an opportunity to provide stormwater controls for
-these areas.
-Roads are the most common source of runoff from external
-properties into parks. Treating municipal road runoff in a park
-requires planning input from municipal roads department
-staff. For these projects, the team must understand how all
-roads activities, including winter maintenance and potential
-roadwork, will affect the operation of LID practices in the park.
-<br><br>
-'''<h3>Inter-municipal transfer of funds</h3>''' Integrating LID practices into the municipal stormwater
-management framework may change how municipal funds are
-managed. Traditional stormwater management maintenance
-resources and funds may have to be transferred to a more landscape-based stormwater management maintenance program. Instead of infrequent but expensive stormwater management pond sediment removal operations, time and
-resources will be spent on more frequent but inexpensive maintenance projects including pruning and weeding bioretention practices or sweeping permeable pavement.
-Municipalities generally have the required staff and infrastructure within departments (e.g. arborist and horticulturalists in parks departments) to manage the maintenance of LID measures; however, funding this maintenance may require a transfer of funding and additional
-training.
-The federal Gas Tax Fund (GTF) is another funding option for
-funding LID retrofits. This is a federal transfer that provides
-long term funding for municipalities to build and revitalize
-public infrastructure. Up to 30% of municipalities yearly GTF
-allotment can be used towards stormwater management.
-<br><br>
-'''<h3>Source Areas</h3>'''  [[File:Example3.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|The road surface (left) contributes significantly
-more stormwater pollutants than the parkland area (right). To
-achieve maximum watershed benefit a designer could consider
-accepting runoff from this external area. (Source: CVC)]]
-The LID option that best fits your site will depend what types
-of source areas are present. Types of source areas include:
-• Active use area
-• Passive use area
-• Pedestrian walkway
-• Internal driveway
-• Parking lot
-On park sites, pollution prevention is often associated with
-changes to operations and maintenance practices and has
-not been included in Table 3.3.1. An aerial photo of a park
-with each of these source areas accompanies Table 3.3.1.
-Options and implementation strategies for a few of these
-source areas will give you some ideas for your park site.
-{| class="wikitable"
-|colspan="9" style="text-align: center;|'''[[LID Options for Parks]]'''
-|-
-| Source area || Permeable pavement || Bioretention || Enhanced grassed swales || Bioswales || Soakaways and infiltration chambers || Perforated pipe system || Landscape alternatives || Prefabricated modules
-|-
-| Active use area ||style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| o || style="text-align: center;|* || style="text-align: center;|* || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|* ||style="text-align: center;| o ||style="text-align: center;| o
-|-
-| Passive use area ||style="text-align: center;| o || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| **
-|-style="text-align: center;|
-| Pedestrian walkway || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| * || style="text-align: center;|* || style="text-align: center;|o
-|-
-| Internal driveway || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|o ||style="text-align: center;| *
-|-
-| Parking lot ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| o || style="text-align: center;|**
-|-
-!colspan="3" style="background:cyan; color:black"| '''** Common option'''
-!colspan="3" style="background: orange; color: black"|'''* Possible option'''
-!colspan="3" style="background: brown; color: white"|'''o Unlikely'''
- |}
-'''<h3>Making it happen: Approaches to getting LID into parks </h3>'''
-The scale of your LID project will largely determine how you
-will proceed. This guide provides two tiers of LID park retrofit
-projects. You can usually complete small-scale LID projects
-with in-house expertise and resources. Large-scale projects
-will require external support from consultants and contractors.
-'''<h4>Small-scale projects</h4>''' [[File:Example4.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|A no-mow zone is a landscape alternative that
-does not require construction activities. (Source: Aquafor Beech)]]
-Starting with small-scale projects is a good strategy to
-increase public interest in LID practices, gauge municipal
-support, and gain experience. Small-scale projects include
-retrofitting your parks site with landscape alternatives or rain
-barrels, or using pollution prevention strategies and practices.<br>
-Small-scale projects require fewer resources and require a
-smaller project budget because:
-* They do not require integration into capital works projects
-* Engineering consultants are not required
-* Contractors may not be not required
-* External approvals are not required
-* Consultation with the public is limited
-Due to the less significant financial commitment, it can be
-easier to build colleague and supervisor support for small-scale
-projects.<br>
-Small-scale projects like landscape alternatives and pollution
-prevention may not be easily identified as LID practices by
-the public. Your project team should consider establishing
-educational signage to inform the public.<br>
-'''<h4>Large-scale projects</h4>'''
-Large-scale projects require significantly more effort, budget,
-and staff than small-scale projects. Large-scale LID projects
-include:
-*Bioretention
-* Enhanced grass swales
-* Bioswales
-* Perforated pipe systems
-* Permeable pavement
-* Soakaways
-* Infiltration chambers
-* Rainwater harvesting (excluding rain barrels)
-* Prefabricated modules <br>
-Consider a large-scale project if your municipality or
-department would like to be a leader in sustainability. Largescale
-projects are often highly visible and attract more public
-attention. Large-scale projects may also be the only solution to
-site-specific challenges. For example, if the parking lot on your
-site does not have existing stormwater controls, small-scale
-projects are not likely to fully achieve compliance with water
-quality and quantity objectives. Consider using an infiltration
-chamber or bioswale project to meet those objectives.
-Before starting a large-scale retrofit project, consider the
-following distinctions that set these retrofits apart from smallscale
-projects.<br>
-'''<h4>Integration with capital works programs</h4>'''
-Most large-scale LID retrofits must function with existing
-site infrastructure, such as storm sewers, catch basins,
-and pavement systems. The construction of large-scale
-LID practices often requires these systems to be removed,
-exposed, or replaced. The best time for this type of project to
-occur is when an infrastructure replacement or rehabilitation
-project is already planned.
-For example, installing bioretention, infiltration chambers,
-or permeable pavement in a parking lot requires removal of
-existing pavement. Budget and resources set aside for parking

Difference between revisions of "LID opportunities in park lands"

Latest revision as of 18:16, 15 March 2019

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