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Unnecessary hardscape can be found all around urban areas from paved but unused traffic and parking lot islands to rarely used overflow parking. Many of the strategies described previously are primarily for the purpose of reducing impervious area on a macro scale. The following strategies provide examples of how to reduce impervious area on a micro or lot level scale. Individually, these reductions in impervious area may seem small but they can add up to substantial decreases in runoff and infrastructure costs.  

Unnecessary hardscape can be found all around urban areas from paved but unused traffic and parking lot islands to rarely used overflow parking. Many of the strategies described previously are primarily for the purpose of reducing impervious area on a macro scale. The following strategies provide examples of how to reduce impervious area on a micro or lot level scale. Individually, these reductions in impervious area may seem small but they can add up to substantial decreases in runoff and infrastructure costs.  

===Consider alternative cul-de-sacs===

===Consider alternative cul-de-sacs===

Using alternatives to the standard 15 metre radius cul-de-sac can further reduce the impervious area required to service each dwelling. Ways to reduce the impervious areas of cul-de-sacs include a landscaped or bioretention centre island, T-shaped turnaround, or by using a loop road instead.

Using alternatives to the standard 15 metre radius cul-de-sac can further reduce the impervious area required to service each dwelling. Ways to reduce the impervious areas of cul-de-sacs include a landscaped or [[bioretention]] centre island, T-shaped turnaround, or by using a loop road instead.

===Eliminate unnecessary sidewalks and driveways===

===Eliminate unnecessary sidewalks and driveways===

Sidewalks are an essential part of the transportation, recreation, safety, and character of a community.  A flexible design standard for sidewalks is recommended to allow for unnecessary sidewalks to be eliminated. Sidewalks that are not needed for pedestrian circulation or connectivity should be removed. Often sidewalks are only necessary on one side of the street. Driveway impervious area can be reduced through the use of shared driveways or alley accessed garages (CWP, 1998).

Sidewalks are an essential part of the transportation, recreation, safety, and character of a community.  A flexible design standard for sidewalks is recommended to allow for unnecessary sidewalks to be eliminated. Sidewalks that are not needed for pedestrian circulation or connectivity should be removed. Often sidewalks are only necessary on one side of the street. Driveway impervious area can be reduced through the use of shared driveways or alley accessed garages.<ref>Center for Watershed Protection (CWP). 1998. Better Site Design: A Handbook for Changing Development Rules in Your Community. Ellicott City, MD.</ref>

==References==

==References==

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[[category: planning]]

[[category: planning]]