https://wiki.sustainabletechnologies.ca/index.php?title=Green_roofs&feed=atom&action=historyGreen roofs - Revision history2024-03-29T13:12:07ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.35.0https://wiki.sustainabletechnologies.ca/index.php?title=Green_roofs&diff=15750&oldid=prevDanielFilippi: /* Proprietary systems */2023-08-02T20:27:42Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Proprietary systems</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
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</table>DanielFilippihttps://wiki.sustainabletechnologies.ca/index.php?title=Green_roofs&diff=15720&oldid=prevDean Young: /* Water Quality */2023-05-01T17:59:25Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Water Quality</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Water Quality===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Water Quality===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Many green roofs receive only rainwater, which is relatively free of contaminants like nutrients and heavy metals, but can contribute contaminants to roof runoff, most notably through leaching of dissolved [[Nutrients]] and [[Heavy metals]] from the growing medium substrate during early establishment.<ref>Hathaway, A.M., Hunt, W.F., Jennings, G.D. 2008. A field study of green roof hydrologic and water quality performance. Transactions of the ASABE. Vol. 51 (1) pp. 1-8. https://elibrary.asabe.org/abstract.asp?aid=24225</ref> <ref>Vijayaraghavan, K., Harkishore Kumar Reddy, D., Yun, Y. 2018. Improving the quality of runoff from green roofs through synergistic biosorption and phytoremediation techniques: A review. Sustainable Cities and Society. 46 (2019) 101381. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2210670718319383?via%3Dihub</ref> Concentrations of Total [[Phosphorus]] in green roof runoff have been observed to vary from 0.4 mg/L to over 10 mg/L.<ref>Hill J., Drake J., Sleep B., Margolis L. 2017. Influences of Four Extensive Green Roof Design Variables on Stormwater Hydrology. J Hydrol Eng. 2017;22(8):04017019. https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%29HE.1943-5584.0001534</ref>. Such concentrations are well above the Ontario Provincial Water Quality Objective of 0.03 mg/L for Total Phosphorus (OMOEE, 1994<ref>Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy (OMOEE), 1994. Policies, Guidelines and Provincial Water Quality Objectives of the Ministry of Environment and Energy. Queen’s Printer for Ontario. Toronto, ON.</ref>) to control excessive plant growth in rivers and streams. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>To improve the quality of runoff from green roofs, Vijayaraghavan et al. (2018) recommend considering the sorption capacity of the growing medium substrate, the phytoremediation potential of plants, and incorporation of sorbent [[Additives]] to growing medium substrates.<ref>Vijayaraghavan, K., Harkishore Kumar Reddy, D., Yun, Y. 2018. Improving the quality of runoff from green roofs through synergistic biosorption and phytoremediation techniques: A review. Sustainable Cities and Society. 46 (2019) 101381. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2210670718319383?via%3Dihub</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Many green roofs receive only rainwater, which is relatively free of contaminants like nutrients and heavy metals, but can contribute contaminants to roof runoff, most notably through leaching of dissolved [[Nutrients]] and [[Heavy metals]] from the growing medium substrate during early establishment.<ref>Hathaway, A.M., Hunt, W.F., Jennings, G.D. 2008. A field study of green roof hydrologic and water quality performance. Transactions of the ASABE. Vol. 51 (1) pp. 1-8. https://elibrary.asabe.org/abstract.asp?aid=24225</ref> <ref>Vijayaraghavan, K., Harkishore Kumar Reddy, D., Yun, Y. 2018. Improving the quality of runoff from green roofs through synergistic biosorption and phytoremediation techniques: A review. Sustainable Cities and Society. 46 (2019) 101381. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2210670718319383?via%3Dihub</ref> Concentrations of Total [[Phosphorus]] in green roof runoff have been observed to vary from 0.4 mg/L to over 10 mg/L.<ref>Hill J., Drake J., Sleep B., Margolis L. 2017. Influences of Four Extensive Green Roof Design Variables on Stormwater Hydrology. J Hydrol Eng. 2017;22(8):04017019. https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%29HE.1943-5584.0001534</ref>. Such concentrations are well above the Ontario Provincial Water Quality Objective of 0.03 mg/L for Total Phosphorus (OMOEE, 1994<ref>Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy (OMOEE), 1994. Policies, Guidelines and Provincial Water Quality Objectives of the Ministry of Environment and Energy. Queen’s Printer for Ontario. Toronto, ON.</ref>) to control excessive plant growth in rivers and streams. To improve the quality of runoff from green roofs, Vijayaraghavan et al. (2018) recommend considering the sorption capacity of the growing medium substrate, the phytoremediation potential of plants, and incorporation of sorbent [[Additives]] to growing medium substrates.<ref>Vijayaraghavan, K., Harkishore Kumar Reddy, D., Yun, Y. 2018. Improving the quality of runoff from green roofs through synergistic biosorption and phytoremediation techniques: A review. Sustainable Cities and Society. 46 (2019) 101381. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2210670718319383?via%3Dihub</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In dense urban centres, green roofs are increasingly being used to receive irrigation from harvested rainwater. Current Ontario Building Code permits the use of rooftop runoff for landscape irrigation purposes, so long as it is 'free of solids'.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In dense urban centres, green roofs are increasingly being used to receive irrigation from harvested rainwater. Current Ontario Building Code permits the use of rooftop runoff for landscape irrigation purposes, so long as it is 'free of solids'.</div></td></tr>
</table>Dean Younghttps://wiki.sustainabletechnologies.ca/index.php?title=Green_roofs&diff=15719&oldid=prevDean Young: /* Water Quality */2023-05-01T17:47:23Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Water Quality</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Water Quality===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Water Quality===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Many green roofs receive only rainwater, which is relatively free of contaminants like nutrients and heavy metals, but can contribute contaminants to roof runoff, most notably through leaching of dissolved [[Nutrients]] and [[Heavy metals]] from the growing medium substrate during early establishment.<ref>Vijayaraghavan, K., Harkishore Kumar Reddy, D., Yun, Y. 2018. Improving the quality of runoff from green roofs through synergistic biosorption and phytoremediation techniques: A review. Sustainable Cities and Society. 46 (2019) 101381. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2210670718319383?via%3Dihub</ref> Concentrations of Total [[Phosphorus]] in green roof runoff have been observed to vary from 0.4 mg/L to over 10 mg/L.<ref>Hill J., Drake J., Sleep B., Margolis L. 2017. Influences of Four Extensive Green Roof Design Variables on Stormwater Hydrology. J Hydrol Eng. 2017;22(8):04017019. https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%29HE.1943-5584.0001534</ref>. Such concentrations are well above the Ontario Provincial Water Quality Objective of 0.03 mg/L for Total Phosphorus (OMOEE, 1994<ref>Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy (OMOEE), 1994. Policies, Guidelines and Provincial Water Quality Objectives of the Ministry of Environment and Energy. Queen’s Printer for Ontario. Toronto, ON.</ref>) to control excessive plant growth in rivers and streams. To improve the quality of runoff from green roofs, Vijayaraghavan et al. (2018) recommend considering the sorption capacity of the growing medium substrate, the phytoremediation potential of plants, and incorporation of sorbent [[Additives]] to growing medium substrates.<ref>Vijayaraghavan, K., Harkishore Kumar Reddy, D., Yun, Y. 2018. Improving the quality of runoff from green roofs through synergistic biosorption and phytoremediation techniques: A review. Sustainable Cities and Society. 46 (2019) 101381. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2210670718319383?via%3Dihub</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Many green roofs receive only rainwater, which is relatively free of contaminants like nutrients and heavy metals, but can contribute contaminants to roof runoff, most notably through leaching of dissolved [[Nutrients]] and [[Heavy metals]] from the growing medium substrate during early establishment.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><ref>Hathaway, A.M., Hunt, W.F., Jennings, G.D. 2008. A field study of green roof hydrologic and water quality performance. Transactions of the ASABE. Vol. 51 (1) pp. 1-8. https://elibrary.asabe.org/abstract.asp?aid=24225</ref> </ins><ref>Vijayaraghavan, K., Harkishore Kumar Reddy, D., Yun, Y. 2018. Improving the quality of runoff from green roofs through synergistic biosorption and phytoremediation techniques: A review. Sustainable Cities and Society. 46 (2019) 101381. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2210670718319383?via%3Dihub</ref> Concentrations of Total [[Phosphorus]] in green roof runoff have been observed to vary from 0.4 mg/L to over 10 mg/L.<ref>Hill J., Drake J., Sleep B., Margolis L. 2017. Influences of Four Extensive Green Roof Design Variables on Stormwater Hydrology. J Hydrol Eng. 2017;22(8):04017019. https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%29HE.1943-5584.0001534</ref>. Such concentrations are well above the Ontario Provincial Water Quality Objective of 0.03 mg/L for Total Phosphorus (OMOEE, 1994<ref>Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy (OMOEE), 1994. Policies, Guidelines and Provincial Water Quality Objectives of the Ministry of Environment and Energy. Queen’s Printer for Ontario. Toronto, ON.</ref>) to control excessive plant growth in rivers and streams. To improve the quality of runoff from green roofs, Vijayaraghavan et al. (2018) recommend considering the sorption capacity of the growing medium substrate, the phytoremediation potential of plants, and incorporation of sorbent [[Additives]] to growing medium substrates.<ref>Vijayaraghavan, K., Harkishore Kumar Reddy, D., Yun, Y. 2018. Improving the quality of runoff from green roofs through synergistic biosorption and phytoremediation techniques: A review. Sustainable Cities and Society. 46 (2019) 101381. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2210670718319383?via%3Dihub</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In dense urban centres, green roofs are increasingly being used to receive irrigation from harvested rainwater. Current Ontario Building Code permits the use of rooftop runoff for landscape irrigation purposes, so long as it is 'free of solids'.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In dense urban centres, green roofs are increasingly being used to receive irrigation from harvested rainwater. Current Ontario Building Code permits the use of rooftop runoff for landscape irrigation purposes, so long as it is 'free of solids'.</div></td></tr>
</table>Dean Younghttps://wiki.sustainabletechnologies.ca/index.php?title=Green_roofs&diff=15718&oldid=prevDean Young: /* Water Balance */2023-05-01T17:37:09Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Water Balance</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Water Balance===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Water Balance===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Green roofs are primarily a practice used to partially achieve water balance and erosion control objectives through interception and [[Evapotranspiration| evapotranspiration]] of precipitation. The key hydrologic benefit which green roofs have over other forms of LID is the proportion of the water returned to the atmosphere through [[Evapotranspiration| evapotranspiration]]. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Green roofs are primarily a practice used to partially achieve water balance and erosion control objectives through interception and [[Evapotranspiration| evapotranspiration]] of precipitation <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">that falls on the roof</ins>. The key hydrologic benefit which green roofs have over other forms of LID is the proportion of the water returned to the atmosphere through [[Evapotranspiration| evapotranspiration]]. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Considerable research has been conducted in recent years to define the runoff reduction or water retention capacity of extensive green roofs in climates similar to those that occur in Ontario and Canada.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Controlled studies have indicated that maturing green roofs may have improved water retention properties <ref>De-Ville, S., Menon, M., Jia, X., Reed, G., Stovin, V. 2017. The impact of green roof ageing on substrate characteristics and hydrological performance. Journal of Hydrology. Volume 547. pp 332-344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.02.006.</ref>. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Controlled studies have indicated that maturing green roofs may have improved water retention properties <ref>De-Ville, S., Menon, M., Jia, X., Reed, G., Stovin, V. 2017. The impact of green roof ageing on substrate characteristics and hydrological performance. Journal of Hydrology. Volume 547. pp 332-344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.02.006.</ref>. </div></td></tr>
</table>Dean Younghttps://wiki.sustainabletechnologies.ca/index.php?title=Green_roofs&diff=15717&oldid=prevDean Young: /* Water Balance */2023-05-01T17:26:10Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Water Balance</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:26, 1 May 2023</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Water Balance===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Water Balance===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Green roofs are primarily a practice used to partially achieve water balance and erosion control objectives through interception and [[Evapotranspiration| evapotranspiration]] of precipitation. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Controlled studies have indicated that maturing </del>green roofs <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">may </del>have <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">improved water retention properties <ref>De-Ville, S., Menon, M., Jia, X., Reed, G., Stovin, V. 2017. The impact </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">green roof ageing on substrate characteristics and hydrological performance. Journal </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Hydrology. Volume 547. pp 332-344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.02.006.</ref></del>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Green roofs are primarily a practice used to partially achieve water balance and erosion control objectives through interception and [[Evapotranspiration| evapotranspiration]] of precipitation. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The key hydrologic benefit which </ins>green roofs have <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">over other forms </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">LID is the proportion </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the water returned to the atmosphere through [[Evapotranspiration| evapotranspiration]]</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The key hydrologic benefit which </del>green roofs have <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">over other forms </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">LID is the proportion </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the water returned to the atmosphere through [[Evapotranspiration| evapotranspiration]]</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* Controlled studies have indicated that maturing </ins>green roofs <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">may </ins>have <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">improved water retention properties <ref>De-Ville, S., Menon, M., Jia, X., Reed, G., Stovin, V. 2017. The impact </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">green roof ageing on substrate characteristics and hydrological performance. Journal </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Hydrology. Volume 547. pp 332-344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.02.006.</ref></ins>. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*In Southern Ontario rainwater retention of extensive green roofs without irrigation is between 57% and 70%<ref>Liu, M. Minor, J. 2005. Performance evaluation of an extensive green roof. National Research Council of Canada. NRCC-48204 https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2013/03/NRC_EastviewGRrept.pdf</ref> <ref name=VS>Van Seters, T., Rocha, L., Smith, D., MacMillan, G. 2009. Evaluation of Green Roofs for Runoff Retention, Runoff Quality, and Leachability, Vol. 44 (1): 33 - 47 (2009). Innovative Approaches to Stormwater Management in Canada https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2013/03/WaterQualResearchJournalCanada_YorkU-Greenroof.pdf</ref> <ref name=Hill>Hill J, Drake J, Sleep B, Margolis L. Influences of Four Extensive Green Roof Design Variables on Stormwater Hydrology. J Hydrol Eng. 2017;22(8):04017019. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001534</ref>. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* In Southern Ontario rainwater retention of extensive green roofs without irrigation is between 57% and 70%<ref>Liu, M. Minor, J. 2005. Performance evaluation of an extensive green roof. National Research Council of Canada. NRCC-48204 https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2013/03/NRC_EastviewGRrept.pdf</ref> <ref name=VS>Van Seters, T., Rocha, L., Smith, D., MacMillan, G. 2009. Evaluation of Green Roofs for Runoff Retention, Runoff Quality, and Leachability, Vol. 44 (1): 33 - 47 (2009). Innovative Approaches to Stormwater Management in Canada https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2013/03/WaterQualResearchJournalCanada_YorkU-Greenroof.pdf</ref> <ref name=Hill>Hill J, Drake J, Sleep B, Margolis L. Influences of Four Extensive Green Roof Design Variables on Stormwater Hydrology. J Hydrol Eng. 2017;22(8):04017019. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001534</ref>. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Including winter periods with snow accumulation and thaw, the annual retention of extensive green roofs is around 50% <ref name=VS/><ref name=Hill/>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Including winter periods with snow accumulation and thaw, the annual retention of extensive green roofs is around 50% <ref name=VS/><ref name=Hill/>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Using a compost based planting medium improves retention by around 10% (i.e., 60% for compost compared to 50% for granular).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Using a compost based planting medium improves retention by around 10% (i.e., 60% for compost compared to 50% for granular).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Daily irrigation can reduce the annual retention by 20% compared to a roof without irrigation (i.e., 40% for irrigated compared to 60% without irrigation)<ref name=Hill/>. However, recirculating rainwater from a cistern was estimated to double the annual retention in Florida<ref>Hardin, M.; Wanielista, M.; Chopra, M. 2012. A Mass Balance Model for Designing Green Roof Systems that Incorporate a Cistern for Re-Use. Water, 4, 914-931. http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/4/4/914</ref>. The research team modelled 87% retention for a green roof coupled with a cistern, compared to 43% for the green roof alone.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Daily irrigation can reduce the annual retention by 20% compared to a roof without irrigation (i.e., 40% for irrigated compared to 60% without irrigation)<ref name=Hill/>. However, recirculating rainwater from a cistern was estimated to double the annual retention in Florida<ref>Hardin, M.; Wanielista, M.; Chopra, M. 2012. A Mass Balance Model for Designing Green Roof Systems that Incorporate a Cistern for Re-Use. Water, 4, 914-931. http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/4/4/914</ref>. The research team modelled 87% retention for a green roof coupled with a cistern, compared to 43% for the green roof alone.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An appropriate NRCS curve number for modelling green roofs without irrigation in Southern Ontario is 90 <ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An appropriate NRCS curve number for modelling green roofs without irrigation in Southern Ontario is 90 <ref></div></td></tr>
</table>Dean Young