https://wiki.sustainabletechnologies.ca/index.php?title=Flow_through_perforated_pipe&feed=atom&action=historyFlow through perforated pipe - Revision history2024-03-28T10:17:08ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.35.0https://wiki.sustainabletechnologies.ca/index.php?title=Flow_through_perforated_pipe&diff=13847&oldid=prevDean Young at 18:45, 15 June 20222022-06-15T18:45:53Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In practices such as [[bioretention]], [[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">swales</del>]] or [[stormwater planters]], the flow limiting component is usually the [[filter media]]. See [[Flow through media]] page for guidance in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">this regard</del>. In underground practices such as [[infiltration trenches]], [[infiltration chambers]], and [[exfiltration trenches]], the perforated [[pipe]] that delivers water to the practice will be the primary flow limiting component. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In practices such as [[bioretention]], [[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">bioswales</ins>]] or [[stormwater planters]], the flow limiting component is usually the [[filter media]]. See [[Flow through media]] page for guidance in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">estimating the maximum flow rate through bioretention filter media</ins>. In underground practices such as [[infiltration trenches]], [[infiltration chambers]], and [[exfiltration trenches]], the perforated [[pipe]] that delivers water to the practice will be the primary flow limiting component. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Manufacturers of perforated pipe are often able to provide the open area per meter length. Where this information is not directly available, the open area can be calculated by measuring the perforations and summing the open area per meter. The maximum flow rate through a perforated pipe (''Q<sub>max, pipe</sub>'', m<sup>3</sup>/s) is calculated similarly to [[flow through an orifice]]: </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Manufacturers of perforated pipe are often able to provide the open area per meter length. Where this information is not directly available, the open area can be calculated by measuring the perforations and summing the open area per meter. The maximum flow rate through a perforated pipe (''Q<sub>max, pipe</sub>'', m<sup>3</sup>/s) is calculated similarly to [[flow through an orifice]]: </div></td></tr>
</table>Dean Younghttps://wiki.sustainabletechnologies.ca/index.php?title=Flow_through_perforated_pipe&diff=13846&oldid=prevDean Young at 18:44, 15 June 20222022-06-15T18:44:21Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 18:44, 15 June 2022</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In practices such as [[bioretention]], [[swales]] or [[stormwater planters]], the flow limiting component is usually the [[filter media]]. In <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">other, usually </del>underground practices such as [[infiltration trenches]], [[infiltration chambers]], and [[exfiltration trenches]], the [[pipe]] will be the primary flow limiting component. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In practices such as [[bioretention]], [[swales]] or [[stormwater planters]], the flow limiting component is usually the [[filter media]]. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">See [[Flow through media]] page for guidance in this regard. </ins>In underground practices such as [[infiltration trenches]], [[infiltration chambers]], and [[exfiltration trenches]], the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">perforated </ins>[[pipe]] <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">that delivers water to the practice </ins>will be the primary flow limiting component. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Manufacturers of perforated pipe are often able to provide the open area per meter length. Where this information is not directly available, the open area can be calculated by measuring the perforations and summing the open area per meter. The maximum flow rate through a perforated pipe (''Q<sub>max, pipe</sub>'', m<sup>3</sup>/s) is calculated similarly to [[flow through an orifice]]: </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Manufacturers of perforated pipe are often able to provide the open area per meter length. Where this information is not directly available, the open area can be calculated by measuring the perforations and summing the open area per meter. The maximum flow rate through a perforated pipe (''Q<sub>max, pipe</sub>'', m<sup>3</sup>/s) is calculated similarly to [[flow through an orifice]]: </div></td></tr>
</table>Dean Younghttps://wiki.sustainabletechnologies.ca/index.php?title=Flow_through_perforated_pipe&diff=13845&oldid=prevDean Young at 18:40, 15 June 20222022-06-15T18:40:46Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 18:40, 15 June 2022</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Line 1:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">some </del>practices<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </del>such as [[bioretention]], [[swales]] or [[stormwater planters]], the flow limiting component is usually the [[filter media]]. In other, usually underground practices such as [[infiltration trenches]], [[infiltration chambers]], and [[exfiltration trenches]], the [[pipe]] will be the primary flow limiting component. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In practices such as [[bioretention]], [[swales]] or [[stormwater planters]], the flow limiting component is usually the [[filter media]]. In other, usually underground practices such as [[infiltration trenches]], [[infiltration chambers]], and [[exfiltration trenches]], the [[pipe]] will be the primary flow limiting component. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Manufacturers of perforated pipe are often able to provide the open area per meter length. Where this information is not directly available, the open area can be calculated by measuring the perforations and summing the open area per meter. The maximum flow rate through a perforated pipe (''Q<sub>max, pipe</sub>'', m<sup>3</sup>/s) is calculated similarly to [[flow through an orifice]]: </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Manufacturers of perforated pipe are often able to provide the open area per meter length. Where this information is not directly available, the open area can be calculated by measuring the perforations and summing the open area per meter. The maximum flow rate through a perforated pipe (''Q<sub>max, pipe</sub>'', m<sup>3</sup>/s) is calculated similarly to [[flow through an orifice]]: </div></td></tr>
</table>Dean Younghttps://wiki.sustainabletechnologies.ca/index.php?title=Flow_through_perforated_pipe&diff=10688&oldid=prevDean Young: /* Note */2020-04-21T22:14:40Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Note</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 22:14, 21 April 2020</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Note===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Note===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Whilst </del>it is recognised that many smaller perforations present a greater resistance to flow than fewer, larger perforations<ref>Pabst, M., & France, J. (n.d.). GETTING WATER INTO PIPES -NOT AS EASY AS IT SEEMS. Retrieved from http://dnrc.mt.gov/divisions/water/operations/docs/dam-safety/technical-references/getting_water_into_pipes.pdf</ref>, calibrating for this is quite complex <ref>Hazenberg, G., and U. S. Panu (1991), Theoretical analysis of flow rate into perforated drain tubes, Water Resour. Res., 27(7), 1411–1418, doi:10.1029/91WR00779.</ref><ref>Murphy, P. (n.d.). THE HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF PERFORATED PIPE UNDER-DRAINS SURROUNDED BY LOOSE AGGREGATE. Retrieved from http://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses</ref>. The practice of approximating, using the open area of the pipe per unit length, is commonplace, and we are unaware of ill effects arising<ref>Department of Planning and Local Government South Australia. (2010). Water Sensitive Urban Design Technical Manual Greater Adelaide Region Bioretention Systems for Streetscapes. Adelaide. Retrieved from https://www.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/19837/WSUD_chapter_10.pdf</ref><ref>ADS pipe. (2004). Outflow from Perforated Pipe. Retrieved March 12, 2018, from http://discountdrainage.com/dev/wp-content/uploads/Technical_Note_2.105_Outflow_From_Perforated_Pipe.pdf</ref><ref>Titan Industries Inc. (n.d.). To Calculate the Amount of Water Flow (GPM) Through Slotted PVC Well Screen. Retrieved from http://www.titanpipe.com/Engineering_Titan_Industries_In/Water Flow PVC Well Screen.pdf</ref><ref>WaveRail. (n.d.). WATER WELL SCREEN &amp; CASING SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 12, 2018, from http://www.waverail.nl/images/Template_content/PDF/documentatie/Filter-buizen.pdf</ref>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">While </ins>it is recognised that many smaller perforations present a greater resistance to flow than fewer, larger perforations<ref>Pabst, M., & France, J. (n.d.). GETTING WATER INTO PIPES -NOT AS EASY AS IT SEEMS. Retrieved from http://dnrc.mt.gov/divisions/water/operations/docs/dam-safety/technical-references/getting_water_into_pipes.pdf</ref>, calibrating for this is quite complex <ref>Hazenberg, G., and U. S. Panu (1991), Theoretical analysis of flow rate into perforated drain tubes, Water Resour. Res., 27(7), 1411–1418, doi:10.1029/91WR00779.</ref><ref>Murphy, P. (n.d.). THE HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF PERFORATED PIPE UNDER-DRAINS SURROUNDED BY LOOSE AGGREGATE. Retrieved from http://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses</ref>. The practice of approximating, using the open area of the pipe per unit length, is commonplace, and we are unaware of ill effects arising<ref>Department of Planning and Local Government South Australia. (2010). Water Sensitive Urban Design Technical Manual Greater Adelaide Region Bioretention Systems for Streetscapes. Adelaide. Retrieved from https://www.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/19837/WSUD_chapter_10.pdf</ref><ref>ADS pipe. (2004). Outflow from Perforated Pipe. Retrieved March 12, 2018, from http://discountdrainage.com/dev/wp-content/uploads/Technical_Note_2.105_Outflow_From_Perforated_Pipe.pdf</ref><ref>Titan Industries Inc. (n.d.). To Calculate the Amount of Water Flow (GPM) Through Slotted PVC Well Screen. Retrieved from http://www.titanpipe.com/Engineering_Titan_Industries_In/Water Flow PVC Well Screen.pdf</ref><ref>WaveRail. (n.d.). WATER WELL SCREEN &amp; CASING SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 12, 2018, from http://www.waverail.nl/images/Template_content/PDF/documentatie/Filter-buizen.pdf</ref>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==See also== </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==See also== </div></td></tr>
</table>Dean Younghttps://wiki.sustainabletechnologies.ca/index.php?title=Flow_through_perforated_pipe&diff=9620&oldid=prevJenny Hill at 22:41, 20 November 20182018-11-20T22:41:19Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 22:41, 20 November 2018</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Line 1:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In some practices, such as [[bioretention]], [[swales]] or [[stormwater planters]], the flow limiting component is usually the [[filter media]]. In other, usually underground practices such as [[infiltration trenches]], [[infiltration chambers]], and [[exfiltration trenches]], the [[pipe]] will be the primary flow limiting component. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In some practices, such as [[bioretention]], [[swales]] or [[stormwater planters]], the flow limiting component is usually the [[filter media]]. In other, usually underground practices such as [[infiltration trenches]], [[infiltration chambers]], and [[exfiltration trenches]], the [[pipe]] will be the primary flow limiting component. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">See also [[flow control]] and [[underdrains]]. </del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Manufacturers of perforated pipe are often able to provide the open area per meter length. Where this information is not directly available, the open area can be calculated by measuring the perforations and summing the open area per meter. The maximum flow rate through a perforated pipe (''Q<sub>max, pipe</sub>'', m<sup>3</sup>/s) is calculated similarly to [[flow through an orifice]]: </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Manufacturers of perforated pipe are often able to provide the open area per meter length. Where this information is not directly available, the open area can be calculated by measuring the perforations and summing the open area per meter. The maximum flow rate through a perforated pipe (''Q<sub>max, pipe</sub>'', m<sup>3</sup>/s) is calculated similarly to [[flow through an orifice]]: </div></td></tr>
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<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 22:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Note===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Note===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Whilst it is recognised that many smaller perforations present a greater resistance to flow than fewer, larger perforations<ref>Pabst, M., & France, J. (n.d.). GETTING WATER INTO PIPES -NOT AS EASY AS IT SEEMS. Retrieved from http://dnrc.mt.gov/divisions/water/operations/docs/dam-safety/technical-references/getting_water_into_pipes.pdf</ref>, calibrating for this is quite complex <ref>Hazenberg, G., and U. S. Panu (1991), Theoretical analysis of flow rate into perforated drain tubes, Water Resour. Res., 27(7), 1411–1418, doi:10.1029/91WR00779.</ref><ref>Murphy, P. (n.d.). THE HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF PERFORATED PIPE UNDER-DRAINS SURROUNDED BY LOOSE AGGREGATE. Retrieved from http://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses</ref>. The practice of approximating, using the open area of the pipe per unit length, is commonplace, and we are unaware of ill effects arising<ref>Department of Planning and Local Government South Australia. (2010). Water Sensitive Urban Design Technical Manual Greater Adelaide Region Bioretention Systems for Streetscapes. Adelaide. Retrieved from https://www.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/19837/WSUD_chapter_10.pdf</ref><ref>ADS pipe. (2004). Outflow from Perforated Pipe. Retrieved March 12, 2018, from http://discountdrainage.com/dev/wp-content/uploads/Technical_Note_2.105_Outflow_From_Perforated_Pipe.pdf</ref><ref>Titan Industries Inc. (n.d.). To Calculate the Amount of Water Flow (GPM) Through Slotted PVC Well Screen. Retrieved from http://www.titanpipe.com/Engineering_Titan_Industries_In/Water Flow PVC Well Screen.pdf</ref><ref>WaveRail. (n.d.). WATER WELL SCREEN &amp; CASING SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 12, 2018, from http://www.waverail.nl/images/Template_content/PDF/documentatie/Filter-buizen.pdf</ref>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Whilst it is recognised that many smaller perforations present a greater resistance to flow than fewer, larger perforations<ref>Pabst, M., & France, J. (n.d.). GETTING WATER INTO PIPES -NOT AS EASY AS IT SEEMS. Retrieved from http://dnrc.mt.gov/divisions/water/operations/docs/dam-safety/technical-references/getting_water_into_pipes.pdf</ref>, calibrating for this is quite complex <ref>Hazenberg, G., and U. S. Panu (1991), Theoretical analysis of flow rate into perforated drain tubes, Water Resour. Res., 27(7), 1411–1418, doi:10.1029/91WR00779.</ref><ref>Murphy, P. (n.d.). THE HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF PERFORATED PIPE UNDER-DRAINS SURROUNDED BY LOOSE AGGREGATE. Retrieved from http://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses</ref>. The practice of approximating, using the open area of the pipe per unit length, is commonplace, and we are unaware of ill effects arising<ref>Department of Planning and Local Government South Australia. (2010). Water Sensitive Urban Design Technical Manual Greater Adelaide Region Bioretention Systems for Streetscapes. Adelaide. Retrieved from https://www.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/19837/WSUD_chapter_10.pdf</ref><ref>ADS pipe. (2004). Outflow from Perforated Pipe. Retrieved March 12, 2018, from http://discountdrainage.com/dev/wp-content/uploads/Technical_Note_2.105_Outflow_From_Perforated_Pipe.pdf</ref><ref>Titan Industries Inc. (n.d.). To Calculate the Amount of Water Flow (GPM) Through Slotted PVC Well Screen. Retrieved from http://www.titanpipe.com/Engineering_Titan_Industries_In/Water Flow PVC Well Screen.pdf</ref><ref>WaveRail. (n.d.). WATER WELL SCREEN &amp; CASING SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 12, 2018, from http://www.waverail.nl/images/Template_content/PDF/documentatie/Filter-buizen.pdf</ref>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==See also== </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">*[[flow control]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">*[[underdrains]]. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>----</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>----</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[category:Calculations]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[category:Calculations]]</div></td></tr>
</table>Jenny Hill