Difference between revisions of "Clogging"
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==Geotextiles/filter fabric== | ==Geotextiles/filter fabric== | ||
| − | Laboratory research has demonstrated that the performance and clogging of maturing filter fabric can be predicted mathematically, based upon the media/filter material particle size distribution <ref>Palmeira, E. M. and Trejos Galvis, H. L. (2016). Opening sizes and filtration behaviour of non-woven geotextiles under confined and partial clogging conditions. Geosynthetics International. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jgein.16.00021]</ref>. Elsewhere the mechanisms behind the clogging have been studied and characterised using CT-scanning technology <ref>Miszkowska, A., S. Lenart, and E. Koda. 2017. Changes of Permeability of Nonwoven Geotextiles due to Clogging and Cyclic Water Flow in Laboratory Conditions. Water 9(660). doi:10.3390/w9090660.</ref>. | + | *Laboratory research has demonstrated that the performance and clogging of maturing filter fabric can be predicted mathematically, based upon the media/filter material particle size distribution <ref>Palmeira, E. M. and Trejos Galvis, H. L. (2016). Opening sizes and filtration behaviour of non-woven geotextiles under confined and partial clogging conditions. Geosynthetics International. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jgein.16.00021]</ref>. |
| + | *Elsewhere the mechanisms behind the clogging have been studied and characterised using CT-scanning technology <ref>Miszkowska, A., S. Lenart, and E. Koda. 2017. Changes of Permeability of Nonwoven Geotextiles due to Clogging and Cyclic Water Flow in Laboratory Conditions. Water 9(660). doi:10.3390/w9090660.</ref>. | ||
| + | Due to concerns about clogging, many types of facility may be constructed with limited or no filter fabric within: | ||
| + | *The use of filter fabric is referred to as a practice in 'older bioretention designs' In the upstate forever LID guide<ref>Upstate Forever. 2005. “Bioretention - LID Fact Sheet.” Greenville, South Carolina. https://www.upstateforever.org/files/files/CAW_LIDFact_Bioretention.pdf.</ref>. They go on to suggest that a [[choker course]] by used instead to seperate the [[filter media]] and [[reservoir aggrgate]]. Filter fabric may be used in side walls and should be placed directly over and within 2 feet of the [[perforated pipe]] drains when used in an [[underdrain]]. | ||
| + | *In Finland the use of a choker course has been advocated for in place of filter fabric as replacing a clogged fabric layer would disturb established [[planting]]<ref>Tahvonen, O. 2018. Adapting Bioretention Construction Details to Local Practices in Finland. Sustainability 10(276). doi: doi:10.3390/su10020276.</ref>. | ||
| + | * | ||
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<ref>McLemore, A.J., J.R. Vogel, and S. Taghvaeian. 2017. “Bioretention Cell Design Guidance for Oklahoma.” http://pods.dasnr.okstate.edu/docushare/dsweb/Get/Document-10743/BAE-1536web.pdf..</ref> | <ref>McLemore, A.J., J.R. Vogel, and S. Taghvaeian. 2017. “Bioretention Cell Design Guidance for Oklahoma.” http://pods.dasnr.okstate.edu/docushare/dsweb/Get/Document-10743/BAE-1536web.pdf..</ref> | ||
<ref>Water by Design. 2014. Bioretention Technical Design Guidelines (Version 1.1). http://hlw.org.au/u/lib/mob/20150715140823_de4e60ebc5526e263/wbd_2014_bioretentiontdg_mq_online.pdf.</ref> | <ref>Water by Design. 2014. Bioretention Technical Design Guidelines (Version 1.1). http://hlw.org.au/u/lib/mob/20150715140823_de4e60ebc5526e263/wbd_2014_bioretentiontdg_mq_online.pdf.</ref> | ||
Revision as of 14:20, 19 October 2018
Grates[edit]
Geotextiles/filter fabric[edit]
- Laboratory research has demonstrated that the performance and clogging of maturing filter fabric can be predicted mathematically, based upon the media/filter material particle size distribution [1].
- Elsewhere the mechanisms behind the clogging have been studied and characterised using CT-scanning technology [2].
Due to concerns about clogging, many types of facility may be constructed with limited or no filter fabric within:
- The use of filter fabric is referred to as a practice in 'older bioretention designs' In the upstate forever LID guide[3]. They go on to suggest that a choker course by used instead to seperate the filter media and reservoir aggrgate. Filter fabric may be used in side walls and should be placed directly over and within 2 feet of the perforated pipe drains when used in an underdrain.
- In Finland the use of a choker course has been advocated for in place of filter fabric as replacing a clogged fabric layer would disturb established planting[4].
Filter media[edit]
Salty water has been shown to cause degradation of the filter media, and subsequent loss of the initial text and flow conditions [10]
- ↑ Palmeira, E. M. and Trejos Galvis, H. L. (2016). Opening sizes and filtration behaviour of non-woven geotextiles under confined and partial clogging conditions. Geosynthetics International. [1]
- ↑ Miszkowska, A., S. Lenart, and E. Koda. 2017. Changes of Permeability of Nonwoven Geotextiles due to Clogging and Cyclic Water Flow in Laboratory Conditions. Water 9(660). doi:10.3390/w9090660.
- ↑ Upstate Forever. 2005. “Bioretention - LID Fact Sheet.” Greenville, South Carolina. https://www.upstateforever.org/files/files/CAW_LIDFact_Bioretention.pdf.
- ↑ Tahvonen, O. 2018. Adapting Bioretention Construction Details to Local Practices in Finland. Sustainability 10(276). doi: doi:10.3390/su10020276.
- ↑ McLemore, A.J., J.R. Vogel, and S. Taghvaeian. 2017. “Bioretention Cell Design Guidance for Oklahoma.” http://pods.dasnr.okstate.edu/docushare/dsweb/Get/Document-10743/BAE-1536web.pdf..
- ↑ Water by Design. 2014. Bioretention Technical Design Guidelines (Version 1.1). http://hlw.org.au/u/lib/mob/20150715140823_de4e60ebc5526e263/wbd_2014_bioretentiontdg_mq_online.pdf.
- ↑ Willard, L.L., T. Wynn-Thompson, L. H. Krometis, T. P. \ Badgley, and B. D. Neher. 2017. “Does It Pay to Be Mature? Evaluation of Bioretention Cell Performance Seven Years Postconstruction.” Journal of Environmental Engineering 143 (9).
- ↑ Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection. . “Bioretention Areas.” 1999. http://prj.geosyntec.com/npsmanual/bioretentionareas.aspx.
- ↑ Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection. 2014. “Bioretention Areas & Rain Gardens.” 2014. http://prj.geosyntec.com/npsmanual/bioretentionareasandraingardens.aspx.
- ↑ Kakuturu, S.P., and S.E. Clark. 2015. Clogging Mechanism of Stormwater Filter Media by NaCl as a Deicing Salt. doi: 10.1089/ees.2014.0337. [2]