Filter Media Additives for Phosphorus Removal

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A number of granular amendments have been demonstrated to improve nutrient removal from discharge water in BMPs such as bioretention systems, absorbent landscapes, sand filters or green roofs. There are two primary processes involved, chemical precipitation and adsorption. Both mechanisms are ultimately finite, but have been shown in come cases to make significant improvements on the discharged water quality over several years.

Soil Additives
Material Benefits Potential concerns
Biochar Renewable Currently expensive
Energy intensive to produce
Bold & GoldTM Documented Phosphorus removal upto 71%[1] Proprietary
Iron filings (ZVI) Proven phosphorus retention May harm plants[2]
PhoslockTM ? ?
Red sand Proven phosphorus retention ?
Smart SpongeTM
Sorbtive mediaTM Documented phosphorus retention Proprietary
Water treatment residuals Waste product reuse Quality control
  1. ↑ Hood A, Chopra M, Wanielista M. Assessment of Biosorption Activated Media Under Roadside Swales for the Removal of Phosphorus from Stormwater. Water. 2013;5(1):53-66. doi:10.3390/w5010053.
  2. ↑ Logsdon SD, Sauer PA. Iron Filings Cement Engineered Soil Mix. Agron J. 2016;108(4):1753. doi:10.2134/agronj2015.0427.

Gravel, or crushed stone of various size gradations (i.e., diameter), used in construction; void forming material used as bedding and runoff storage reservoirs and underdrains in stormwater infiltration practices.

Any form of rain or snow.

The attachment of gas, vapour or dissolved matter onto the surface of solid materials.

A shallow constructed channel, often grass-lined, which is used as an alternative to curb and channel, or as a pretreatment to other measures. Swales are generally characterized by a broad top width to depth ratio and gentle grades.

Surface runoff from at-grade surfaces, resulting from rain or snowmelt events.

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